Azerbaijan is a unique country where East meets West. It’s modern, secular, and rich in culture. But what about religion? Who believes what?
Let’s break down the religion percentage in Azerbaijan, explore the role of Islam, and look at Shia vs. Sunni in the region. This guide will help you understand the religious makeup of this fascinating country.
Quick Overview of Religions in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is officially a secular country. That means religion and government are separate. People are free to practice any religion—or none at all.
But despite this, Islam is the dominant faith.
Here’s a rough breakdown:
| Religion | Percentage of Population |
|---|---|
| Islam (mostly Shia) | ~96% |
| Christianity | ~3% |
| Others (Jewish, Baháʼí) | ~1% |
🔍 Note: These percentages are based on estimates as Azerbaijan does not conduct religious census.
Muslims in Azerbaijan: The Majority
Yes—most people in Azerbaijan are Muslim. But it’s not that simple.
There are two major branches of Islam in the country:
- Shia Muslims: ~65–75%
- Sunni Muslims: ~25–35%
Azerbaijan has one of the highest Shia populations outside of Iran. But Shia and Sunni Muslims live peacefully side by side here.
Shia Islam in Azerbaijan
The Shia community is the largest religious group in Azerbaijan. Most Shia Muslims are part of the Twelver branch, the same sect dominant in Iran.
They mainly live in the southern and central parts of the country.
Sunni Islam in Azerbaijan
Sunni Muslims in Azerbaijan are usually followers of the Hanafi school. They live in the north and northwest regions.
Despite these differences, there’s very little tension between the groups. In fact, many religious practices in Azerbaijan blend Sunni and Shia traditions.
Is Azerbaijan a Muslim Country?
Technically, no. Azerbaijan is not a “Muslim country” by law. It’s a secular state with freedom of religion guaranteed by its constitution.
But culturally, yes—Islam plays a big role in society. Most people identify as Muslim, even if they are not very religious.
Many people in Azerbaijan don’t practice Islam strictly. Some fast during Ramadan, but many don’t. Some attend mosque occasionally, but daily prayer is rare.
What About Other Religions?
While Islam dominates, minority religions are still present:
Christianity
About 3% of Azerbaijan’s population identifies as Christian. Most are:
- Russian Orthodox
- Armenian Apostolic (mostly in Nagorno-Karabakh)
- Roman Catholic (a small community in Baku)
Christianity is protected under the law, but open religious activity is sometimes monitored.
Judaism
There’s a long history of Jews in Azerbaijan, especially the Mountain Jews. The Jewish population is small but respected.
Jewish communities are centered in places like Quba, Baku, and Oguz.
History of Religion in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan’s religious history is fascinating:
- Before Islam, it was a center of Zoroastrianism.
- Islam arrived in the 7th century.
- During the Soviet era (1920–1991), religion was suppressed.
- After independence, religious freedom returned.
Today, Azerbaijan remains secular—but with a rich Islamic heritage.
Key Facts and FAQs
What is the percentage of Muslims in Azerbaijan?
About 96% of the population is Muslim, with Shia making up 65–75% and Sunni 25–35%.
Are people in Azerbaijan Muslim by law?
No. Azerbaijan is secular. Religion is not enforced by the government.
How many Shia Muslims live in Azerbaijan?
Estimates suggest 7–8 million people are Shia Muslims in Azerbaijan, making it one of the world’s largest Shia-majority countries.
Do Christians and Jews have rights in Azerbaijan?
Yes. Religious minorities are protected under the law. They are free to worship, though certain activities require registration.
Is it safe to practice religion in Azerbaijan?
Generally, yes. Azerbaijan promotes religious tolerance. But open proselytizing or extremist views may face scrutiny.
Azerbaijan and the Muslim World
Did you know?
Azerbaijan was the first Muslim-majority country to:
- Create a democratic republic (in 1918)
- Give women the right to vote
- Separate religion from state
This sets it apart from many other Muslim-oriented nations.
Final Thoughts: Religion in Azerbaijan Today
Azerbaijan offers a unique balance.
- It’s majority Muslim, but not governed by religion.
- It respects religious diversity, even if Islam is the cultural norm.
- It’s proud of its secularism and tolerance.
Understanding the religion percentage in Azerbaijan helps you grasp more than just numbers—it gives you insight into the soul of this beautiful country.
